Nursing Legal Updates

Jan 24, 2024

21 Min Read

1. What are the current legal requirements for obtaining a nursing license in the state?


The current legal requirements for obtaining a nursing license in most states include:

1. Education: The first step towards obtaining a nursing license is completing the required education and training program. This includes either a two-year associate degree or four-year bachelor’s degree, both of which must be from an accredited institution.

2. Pass the national licensure examination: After completing the required education and training program, individuals must pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) to obtain their nursing license.

3. Background Checks: Applicants for nursing licenses must undergo a criminal background check and provide fingerprints.

4. Application and fees: Each state has its own application process for obtaining a nursing license, which typically involves completing an application form and paying an application fee.

5. Continuing Education: Most states require licensed nurses to complete continuing education courses to maintain their license and stay up-to-date with new medical practices.

Additionally, some states may have additional requirements such as specific coursework, clinical hours, or language proficiency exams. It is important to check with your state’s Board of Nursing for specific requirements that may vary from state to state.

2. How have recent changes in healthcare legislation impacted the nursing profession?


Recent changes in healthcare legislation, particularly the Affordable Care Act (ACA), have had a significant impact on the nursing profession. Some of the key ways in which these changes have affected nurses include:

1. Increased demand for healthcare services: With the ACA’s expansion of health insurance coverage to millions of Americans, there has been a surge in demand for healthcare services. This has led to an increased need for nurses, as they are essential members of the healthcare team and provide much-needed patient care.

2. Focus on preventive care: The ACA places a strong emphasis on preventive care, with incentives for healthcare organizations to promote wellness and disease prevention. Nurses play a crucial role in this shift towards preventive care, as they are responsible for educating patients about healthy behaviors and managing chronic conditions.

3. Increased accountability and quality measures: Under the ACA, there is a stronger emphasis on accountability and measuring quality of care provided by healthcare providers. Nurses are expected to demonstrate competency and adhere to evidence-based practices, leading to an increased focus on nursing education and training.

4. Expanded scope of practice: The legislation also allows for enhanced roles for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) such as nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, clinical nurse specialists, and certified registered nurse anesthetists. This expanded scope of practice allows APRNs to provide more independent primary care services, improving access to care in underserved areas.

5. Technology integration: The push towards electronic health records (EHRs) and other technologies has created new roles for nurses who specialize in health informatics. These nurses play a critical role in ensuring accurate data collection and reporting as well as implementing technology solutions that improve patient outcomes.

Overall, these changes have brought significant opportunities for nurses to take on leadership roles in healthcare organizations and contribute towards improving the quality of care delivery. However, it has also resulted in added responsibilities and challenges such as handling increasing patient loads and managing complex caseloads.

3. Can a nurse be held liable for patient harm if they were following hospital protocols and procedures?


Yes, a nurse can still be held liable for patient harm even if they were following hospital protocols and procedures. While following protocols and procedures can provide a defense in malpractice cases, it does not absolve the nurse of their duty to provide a reasonable standard of care to their patients. If the nurse deviated from or failed to properly follow the protocols and procedures, they may still be held liable for any resulting harm to the patient. Additionally, hospitals often have specific policies in place that require nurses to use their clinical judgment in certain situations, so nurses cannot always rely solely on protocol and procedure to protect them from liability.

4. What is the role of informed consent in nursing care and how has it evolved over time?


Informed consent is the process of obtaining permission from a patient before providing any type of medical treatment or procedure. It is an important ethical and legal principle that ensures patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own healthcare.

The role of informed consent in nursing care is to protect the rights of patients and promote autonomy, or self-determination. Nurses are responsible for ensuring that patients fully understand the risks, benefits, and alternatives to any proposed treatment or procedure.

Over time, the concept of informed consent has evolved to reflect changes in healthcare practices and legislation. In the past, it was largely seen as a one-time event, with patients simply signing a form before undergoing a procedure. However, it is now recognized as an ongoing process that involves open communication between healthcare providers and patients.

In addition, informed consent now includes the disclosure of any conflicts of interest on the part of medical professionals involved in a patient’s care. This includes informing patients if doctors or nurses receive financial compensation for prescribing certain medications or procedures.

Furthermore, there is an increased focus on ensuring that informed consent reflects cultural competency and respects diverse beliefs and values. This means taking into account factors such as language barriers, religious beliefs, and cultural customs when discussing treatment options with patients.

Overall, informed consent plays a crucial role in promoting patient autonomy and ensuring ethical standards are met in nursing care. It continues to evolve alongside advancements in healthcare practices and legislation to protect and empower patients in making their own healthcare decisions.

5. Are nurses required to report suspected cases of abuse or neglect, and what are the consequences of not doing so?


Yes, nurses are required to report suspected cases of abuse or neglect. This is mandated by law in all 50 states in the United States. Failure to report may result in legal consequences, including fines and potential loss of licensure for the nurse. Additionally, not reporting suspected abuse or neglect may also result in harm to the patient and legal liability for the nurse. It is important for nurses to follow their institution’s policies and procedures for reporting suspected cases of abuse or neglect to ensure patient safety and comply with legal obligations.

6. What are the guidelines for maintaining patient confidentiality and privacy in the digital age?


1. Implement strict security measures for electronic health records (EHRs): Use encryption and secure storage to protect patient information from hackers.

2. Limit access to sensitive data: Only authorized individuals should have access to patient records, and their access levels should be based on their roles and responsibilities.

3. Conduct regular training programs: All employees who handle patient information must undergo regular training to understand the importance of confidentiality and privacy in the digital age.

4. Use strong passwords: Employees should use unique and complex passwords that are changed regularly to prevent unauthorized access to patient information.

5. Be cautious with emails: Always confirm the identity of the recipient before sending any sensitive patient information via email. Avoid using unsecured networks or public Wi-Fi when accessing or sending patient information.

6. Keep software up-to-date: Make sure all software, including antivirus, firewalls, and operating systems, are updated regularly to prevent security breaches.

7. Create a disaster recovery plan: In case of a cyberattack or data breach, have a plan in place to quickly respond, contain, and mitigate any potential damage.

8. Follow HIPAA guidelines: Adhere to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) guidelines for maintaining patient confidentiality and privacy.

9. Have proper procedures in place for disposing of electronic devices: Any device containing sensitive patient information must be disposed of properly to prevent data breaches.

10. Regularly audit systems and processes: Conduct regular audits of your systems and processes to ensure they comply with industry standards for maintaining patient confidentiality and privacy.

7. How do healthcare laws regarding insurance coverage affect a nurse’s ability to provide care to patients?


Healthcare laws regarding insurance coverage can have a direct impact on a nurse’s ability to provide care to patients in several ways:

1. Cost of care: The cost of healthcare services and treatments, including the cost of medicines, equipment, and procedures, can be affected by insurance coverage. If insurance plans do not adequately cover certain services or treatments, it may limit a patient’s ability to receive necessary care.

2. Reimbursement rates: Insurance companies negotiate reimbursement rates with healthcare providers, including hospitals and clinics. These reimbursement rates determine how much providers are paid for their services. Insufficient reimbursement rates may result in facilities providing fewer resources for patient care, limiting a nurse’s ability to properly treat patients.

3. Access to services: Some insurance plans have restrictions on which healthcare providers, facilities, or medications are covered under their policies. This can limit a nurse’s ability to refer patients to certain specialists or prescribe specific medications they believe would benefit their patients.

4. Referral process: In some cases, insurance plans require prior authorization before approving certain services or treatments. This can delay or complicate the referral process for nurses and may result in delays in treatment for patients.

5. Prioritization of profit over patient care: Healthcare laws that prioritize profit over patient care can create an environment where insurance companies and healthcare facilities focus more on reducing costs rather than providing quality care. This can put pressure on nurses to cut corners and compromise the quality of care they are able to provide.

6. Legal limitations: Insurance laws and regulations may restrict certain procedures or treatments from being covered under their plans unless specific criteria are met. This means that even if a nurse believes a certain treatment is necessary for their patient’s well-being, they may not be able to provide it unless all requirements are met.

In summary, healthcare laws regarding insurance coverage can have significant impacts on a nurse’s ability to provide optimal care for their patients by affecting costs, access, and the prioritization of profit over patient care. It is important for nurses to stay informed about these laws and advocate for policies that prioritize patient well-being.

8. Can nurses administer controlled substances and what precautions must be taken when doing so?


Yes, nurses can administer controlled substances as long as they have the necessary training and authority to do so, as regulated by their state’s Nurse Practice Act. These substances are highly regulated because of their potential for abuse and addiction, so there are several precautions that must be taken when administering them:

1. Only authorized personnel should have access to the controlled substances.

2. Controlled substances should be stored securely in a designated area with limited access.

3. Nurses should carefully document each time the substance is removed from storage, administered, and wasted or returned.

4. The dosage and frequency of administration must be strictly adhered to, according to the physician’s orders.

5. Nurses must verify the patient’s identity before administering a controlled substance.

6. Any discrepancies or errors in the administration of the controlled substance must be reported immediately.

7. Nurses should closely monitor patients for any signs of adverse reactions or side effects from the controlled substance.

8. When disposing of unused portions of a controlled substance, nurses must follow specific guidelines and regulations for proper disposal methods.

9. Nurses must maintain accurate inventory records of all controlled substances on hand and report any discrepancies to their supervisor or designated individual.

10. Proper education and training on safe handling and administration of controlled substances is essential for all healthcare staff involved in this process.

9. What actions can a nurse take if they witness unethical or illegal behavior by a colleague or supervisor?


1. Report the behavior: The nurse should immediately report the unethical or illegal behavior to their supervisor or a higher authority within the organization.

2. Document the incident: The nurse should make detailed notes about the incident including date, time, location, and specific details of what was witnessed.

3. Seek guidance from a trusted colleague or mentor: It can be helpful to discuss the situation with a colleague or mentor for advice and support.

4. Follow through with reporting: If no action is taken after reporting the incident, the nurse should continue to follow up and document any further instances of unethical or illegal behavior.

5. Consult with a professional organization: Nurses can seek guidance and support from professional organizations such as the American Nurses Association (ANA) or state nursing boards.

6. Exercise moral courage: It may be difficult to speak up about unethical behavior, but it is important for nurses to have moral courage and stand up for what is right.

7. Consider whistleblowing: In some cases, it may be necessary for a nurse to blow the whistle on unethical or illegal behavior in order to protect patients and uphold ethical standards.

8. Advocate for change: If a pattern of unethical behavior is observed in an organization, the nurse can work towards advocating for policy changes and creating a culture of ethical practice.

9. Take care of oneself: Witnessing unethical or illegal behavior can be emotionally distressing for nurses. It is important to seek support from trusted colleagues and take care of one’s mental health during this challenging time.

10. Are there any new regulations on mandatory staffing ratios for nurses in hospitals or other medical facilities?


As a language model AI, I am not able to provide the most updated information or legal advice. The laws and regulations on mandatory staffing ratios for nurses vary by state and can change frequently. It is best to consult your state’s board of nursing or healthcare agency for current information on mandatory staffing ratios in hospitals and other medical facilities. Additionally, there may be local or national efforts to implement new regulations on nurse staffing ratios, so it is important to stay informed through reliable sources such as professional nursing organizations.

11. In what situations can a patient legally refuse medical treatment from a nurse or other healthcare provider?


A patient has the right to refuse medical treatment in the following situations:

1. If they are of sound mind and capable of understanding the nature, risks, and benefits of the treatment being offered.
2. If they have been fully informed about the anticipated outcome and potential consequences of refusing treatment.
3. If they are not under any form of coercion or duress to accept or refuse treatment.
4. If their refusal does not pose a risk to public safety.
5. If they have the capacity to make decisions for themselves and are legally competent.
6. If they are voluntarily consenting to treatment without any undue influence from others.
7. In emergency situations where immediate treatment is necessary, as long as there is no time for consent to be obtained from the patient.
8. In situations where the treatment being offered goes against their religious or cultural beliefs.
9. In cases where there is a previous advance directive or living will in place that outlines the patient’s wishes regarding medical treatment.
10. In cases where a court-appointed legal guardian has been given decision-making authority over the patient’s healthcare decisions.

It is important for healthcare providers to thoroughly document any instances of patient refusal of treatment and ensure that all legal criteria have been met before honoring such a request.

12. How have recent court cases involving malpractice affected ways in which nurses document patient care?


Recent court cases involving malpractice have highlighted the importance of thorough and accurate documentation of patient care by nurses. As a result, many healthcare facilities and organizations have revised their policies and procedures for documenting patient care to ensure that it meets legal standards.

Some of the ways in which these court cases have affected documentation by nurses include:

1. Increased emphasis on accuracy: Court cases have shown that even minor errors or omissions in nursing documentation can have serious legal consequences. Therefore, nurses are now required to document patient care accurately and with as much detail as possible.

2. Use of standardized formats: To ensure consistency and completeness in documentation, many healthcare facilities have implemented standardized formats for nursing notes, medication administration records, and other important documents.

3. Time-stamped entries: Healthcare facilities may require nurses to document patient care in real-time using electronic health record (EHR) systems that automatically time-stamp entries. This ensures that all documentation is done at the time of the actual care provided.

4. Improved communication among healthcare team members: Clear and accurate documentation helps improve communication among healthcare team members regarding a patient’s condition and treatment plan. This can help prevent errors or misunderstandings that could lead to malpractice claims.

5. Implementation of quality assurance programs: To identify potential areas for improvement in documentation practices, some healthcare facilities may conduct regular audits or reviews of nursing documentation through quality assurance programs.

6. Adherence to ethical standards: Court cases involving malpractice have also highlighted the ethical responsibility of nurses to provide accurate and honest documentation of patient care.

Overall, recent court cases involving malpractice have emphasized the importance of meticulous and timely documentation by nurses as a crucial aspect of safe and effective patient care delivery.

13. Can a nurse be held responsible for medication errors made by pharmacy staff or doctors?


In general, a nurse can only be held responsible for medication errors if they were directly involved in the error. For example, if the nurse incorrectly administers a medication due to misreading a prescription or giving the wrong dose, they may be held liable for the error.
However, if the medication error was made by pharmacy staff or doctors and the nurse had no involvement or knowledge of it, they would not be held responsible. It is ultimately the responsibility of the prescribing doctor and dispensing pharmacist to ensure accurate prescriptions and dispense correct medications.

14. What are the responsibilities of nurses when dealing with patients who have advanced directives or DNR orders?


1. Familiarize themselves with the patient’s advanced directive or DNR order: Nurses should review and understand the details of the patient’s advanced directive or DNR order. This will help them to act in accordance with the patient’s wishes.

2. Communicate with the patient: Nurses should discuss with the patient their values, preferences, and goals regarding end-of-life care to ensure that their decisions align with their advanced directives or DNR orders.

3. Educate patients and families: Nurses should educate patients and their families about advanced directives and DNR orders, including their purpose, significance, and limitations.

4. Document the patient’s wishes: Nurses should ensure that the patient’s advanced directives or DNR orders are accurately documented in their medical records. This will help guide clinical decision-making in case of emergencies.

5. Respect the patient’s autonomy: Nurses must respect and honor the patient’s right to make decisions regarding their own health care, even if it goes against their personal beliefs.

6. Collaborate with healthcare team members: Nurses should collaborate with other healthcare team members involved in the care of a patient with advanced directives or a DNR order to provide coordinated care that is in line with the patient’s wishes.

7. Advocate for the patient: Nurses play a crucial role in advocating for patients’ rights and ensuring they receive treatment that aligns with their advanced directives or DNR orders.

8. Provide emotional support: Dealing with end-of-life issues can be emotionally challenging for patients, families, and nurses themselves. As such, nurses should offer emotional support to all parties involved.

9. Reassess regularly: It is essential for nurses to regularly reassess patients’ wishes regarding end-of-life care to ensure that they are still aligned with their current medical condition.

10. Ensure appropriate implementation of DNR orders: In case of a cardiac arrest or other life-threatening situations, nurses must follow proper procedures for the implementation of DNR orders, as outlined in their facility’s policies and procedures.

11. Provide comfort care: Nurses should provide compassionate end-of-life care to patients with advanced directives or DNR orders, which may include pain management, emotional support, and other comfort measures.

12. Maintain confidentiality: Nurses must maintain confidentially regarding a patient’s advanced directives or DNR order unless required by law.

13. Help with decision-making: In situations where a patient’s advanced directives do not specify their wishes clearly or are deemed medically inappropriate, nurses may assist the patient and their family in making decisions that align with the patient’s best interests.

14. Keep updated on legal requirements: Nurses must keep informed about legal requirements for advanced directives and DNR orders in their state or country to ensure they are providing appropriate care.

15. How do HIPAA laws pertain to nurses’ communication with family members of patients?


HIPAA laws protect the privacy of patients’ health information and limit who has access to this information. Nurses are required to follow HIPAA regulations when communicating with family members of patients.

Nurses may share limited information with family members if the patient has given consent or if it is necessary for their treatment. They may also discuss general information about a patient’s condition, but they must be cautious not to disclose any sensitive or specific medical details.

Family members may also request updates and information about the patient’s care, but nurses must verify their identity and relationship with the patient before sharing any information.

Overall, nurses must ensure that they are complying with HIPAA laws and respecting the confidentiality of patients’ health information when communicating with family members.

16. Are there changes in regulations for state-sanctioned Nurse Practitioner prescribing rights?


Yes, there have been several changes in regulations for state-sanctioned Nurse Practitioner prescribing rights in recent years. In 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) finalized a rule that allowed nurse practitioners (NPs) to prescribe medication as part of their scope of practice under Medicare Part D. This means that NPs are now able to independently order medications and controlled substances for their patients under the Medicare program.

In addition, many states have also expanded NP prescribing authority, allowing them to prescribe medications without physician oversight or collaboration. As of 2021, 27 states and Washington D.C. have granted full practice authority to NPs, meaning they can autonomously practice and prescribe without any physician involvement.

Some states also have specific regulations related to NP prescribing of controlled substances. For example, some require NPs to register with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) before being able to prescribe these medications.

Overall, these changes in regulations are aimed at increasing access to healthcare services for patients through NPs. By expanding prescribing rights, NPs are able to play a larger role in providing primary care services and addressing the growing demand for healthcare professionals.

17. Can employers restrict off-duty social media activity that may reflect negatively on their organization or professional reputation?


Yes, employers can restrict off-duty social media activity that may reflect negatively on their organization or professional reputation. Most employers have a code of conduct or social media policy that outlines expectations for employees’ behavior both in and out of the workplace. This may include guidelines for appropriate social media use and repercussions for engaging in activities that could harm the company’s image or reputation. If an employee’s off-duty social media activity violates these policies, they may face disciplinary action or even termination. However, employers should be careful not to infringe on an employee’s right to freedom of speech and should consult with legal counsel before taking any action.

18.Can an Advanced Practice Nurse practice across state lines without additional licensing requirements?

This depends on the states involved and the specific scope of practice for Advanced Practice Nurses in those states. Some states have implemented interstate compacts, also known as nurse licensure compact (NLC), which allows nurses to have one license that is valid in multiple states. In these cases, an Advanced Practice Nurse would only need one license to practice in all participating states. However, not all states have joined the NLC, so it’s important for Advanced Practice Nurses to research and understand the licensing requirements in each state they wish to practice in.

19.What legal protections are available to nurses who face retaliation from their employer after reporting unsafe conditions or patient care concerns?


The following legal protections are available to nurses who face retaliation from their employer after reporting unsafe conditions or patient care concerns:

1. Whistleblower Protection Laws: Most states have laws that protect employees, including nurses, from retaliation for reporting safety or health concerns in the workplace. These laws may vary in scope and coverage, but generally provide protection against termination, demotion, or any adverse action taken by an employer in response to a report of unsafe conditions.

2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): OSHA is the federal agency responsible for enforcing workplace safety regulations. Nurses can file a complaint with OSHA if they believe their employer is not providing a safe workplace. OSHA has authority to investigate complaints and can also protect whistleblowers from retaliation.

3. National Labor Relations Board (NLRB): The NLRB is responsible for enforcing labor laws that protect employees’ rights to engage in concerted activities for mutual aid or protection, such as raising concerns about unsafe conditions or patient care. Nurses can file a complaint with the NLRB if they believe their employer has retaliated against them for engaging in whistleblowing activity.

4. State Nursing Boards: Nursing boards also have the authority to investigate complaints related to unsafe conditions or patient care reported by nurses. If a nurse experiences retaliation from their employer after filing a complaint with the nursing board, they can also report this to the board and request protection under state law.

5. Employment Discrimination Laws: Nurses who experience retaliation may also be protected under employment discrimination laws, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 or the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These laws prohibit employers from taking adverse actions against employees for engaging in protected activity, including reporting unsafe conditions.

6. Union Contracts: Many nurses are covered by union contracts that include protections against retaliation for engaging in protected activities, such as raising concerns about safety issues or patient care quality. These contracts may have specific procedures for addressing retaliation and providing remedies for affected employees.

7. Legal Action: If all other avenues for protection fail, nurses may also consider taking legal action against their employer. This could involve filing a lawsuit for damages resulting from the retaliation or seeking an injunction to stop the employer from taking any further retaliatory actions.

In any case, nurses should keep detailed records of any safety concerns they have raised and any subsequent retaliation they have experienced. It is important to document dates, times, and details of conversations or incidents related to the reporting of unsafe conditions. This information can be helpful in building a case and supporting claims of retaliation.

20.What steps should nurses take to ensure compliance with policies and regulations related to the handling of hazardous materials in the workplace?


1. Familiarize Yourself with Policies and Regulations: Nurses should make sure they are aware of all relevant policies and regulations related to handling hazardous materials in their workplace. This could include OSHA standards, state or federal regulations, and hospital-specific protocols.

2. Complete Training Programs: Nurses should attend any required training programs on handling hazardous materials provided by their employer. This will ensure that they have the necessary knowledge and skills to handle hazardous materials safely.

3. Wear Protective Equipment: When working with hazardous materials, nurses should always wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) recommended for each specific substance. This may include gloves, goggles, masks, or full body suits.

4. Label Containers Properly: All containers holding hazardous substances must be clearly labeled with their contents and any associated hazards. If a container is not labeled or if the label is illegible, do not use it and notify your supervisor.

5. Handle and Store Materials Safely: Nurses should handle hazardous materials according to established procedures to minimize their exposure risks. This includes proper storage in designated areas that are well-ventilated and free from potential ignition sources.

6. Follow Safety Procedures: Ensure that safety procedures are followed at all times when working with hazardous materials, such as disposing of wastes properly, controlling spills, and using fume hoods when necessary.

7. Report Any Incidents or Accidents: If an accident or incident occurs involving a hazardous material, it should be reported immediately to the appropriate personnel (such as a supervisor or safety officer).

8. Stay Informed about Updates: Policies and regulations related to handling hazardous materials may change over time. Nurses need to stay updated on any changes in order to remain compliant.

9. Educate Patients and Colleagues: As healthcare professionals, nurses have a responsibility to educate patients and colleagues about the potential risks associated with handling hazardous materials in the workplace.

10.Help Develop Policies: Nurses can play a key role in developing policies and procedures for handling hazardous materials in the workplace. They can offer valuable insights and suggestions based on their experience and knowledge.

11.Participate in Emergency Drills: Nurses should participate in regular emergency drills to ensure they know how to respond quickly and safely in case of an accident involving hazardous materials.

12.Consider Alternative Strategies: Whenever possible, nurses should try to find alternative strategies or substances that may be less hazardous or reduce the risks associated with handling certain materials.

13.Maintain a Clean Work Environment: A cluttered or disorganized work environment can increase the risk of accidents involving hazardous materials. Nurses should keep their work area clean and well-maintained.

14.Store Hazardous Materials Properly: When not in use, hazardous materials should be stored in designated areas using appropriate safety measures to prevent exposure or spills.

15.Dispose of Waste Properly: Nurses must strictly follow guidelines for the safe disposal of any waste products containing hazardous materials. This includes proper labeling, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste.

16.Seek Medical Attention if Exposed: If a nurse is exposed to a hazardous material, it is important to seek immediate medical attention to assess any potential health risks and receive appropriate treatment.

17.Be Aware of Potential Hazards: Nurses should actively monitor their work environment for potential hazards such as leaks, spills, or fumes from chemicals. If any are identified, steps should be taken immediately to address them.

18.Update Safety Data Sheets (SDS): Safety data sheets contain important information about the hazards associated with specific substances. Nurses should review SDS regularly and keep them up-to-date.

19.Know What to Do in an Emergency: In case of an emergency involving hazardous materials, nurses should know what emergency response procedures have been established by their employer and follow them accordingly.

20.Report Violations or Concerns: If a nurse has concerns about unsafe practices involving hazardous materials or sees another employee not following proper procedures, they should report it to their supervisor or safety officer.

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