1. What are some safety tips for solo travelers in Zimbabwe?
Safety is a top priority for solo travelers in Zimbabwe, and there are several tips to keep in mind to ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip:
1. Stay informed about the current situation in the country, including any potential risks or travel advisories.
2. Avoid walking alone at night, especially in poorly lit or unfamiliar areas. It’s advisable to use reputable taxi services or public transportation when traveling after dark.
3. Keep your belongings secure and be aware of your surroundings at all times. Avoid displaying expensive items such as jewelry or electronics that may attract unwanted attention.
4. Research safe accommodations in advance and choose reputable hotels or guesthouses with good reviews.
5. Trust your instincts and avoid risky situations or encounters that make you feel uncomfortable.
6. Keep important documents, such as your passport and travel insurance information, in a secure location and have copies stored separately.
7. Stay connected with family and friends back home, sharing your itinerary and checking in regularly.
8. Be cautious when using ATMs and avoid carrying large sums of cash. Consider using a money belt or hidden pouch to store money and valuables.
9. Learn some basic phrases in the local language to communicate effectively and seek help if needed.
10. Lastly, consider joining a guided tour or group activity to enhance safety and meet other like-minded travelers while exploring Zimbabwe.
2. What are the best places for solo travelers to visit in Zimbabwe?
1. One of the best places for solo travelers to visit in Zimbabwe is Victoria Falls. This breathtaking natural wonder offers plenty of activities for solo exploration, such as hiking, zip-lining, and bungee jumping. The town of Victoria Falls also has a vibrant atmosphere with markets, restaurants, and cafes where solo travelers can easily mingle with locals and other tourists.
2. Another fantastic destination for solo travelers in Zimbabwe is Hwange National Park. As one of Africa’s largest game reserves, Hwange offers incredible opportunities for solo safaris and wildlife viewing. Many lodges in the park cater to solo travelers, providing a safe and comfortable environment to enjoy the beauty of Zimbabwe’s wildlife.
3. For solo travelers interested in history and culture, a visit to Great Zimbabwe is highly recommended. This UNESCO World Heritage Site features impressive stone ruins that date back to the 11th century, offering a glimpse into Zimbabwe’s rich past. Solo travelers can explore the site at their own pace and learn about the country’s fascinating history.
Overall, Zimbabwe is a diverse and welcoming destination for solo travelers, offering a mix of natural beauty, adventure, and cultural experiences that are sure to create unforgettable memories.
3. How can solo travelers stay connected with family and friends while in Zimbabwe?
Solo travelers in Zimbabwe can stay connected with family and friends through various methods:
1. Local SIM card: Purchase a local SIM card upon arrival in Zimbabwe to have access to affordable data and call rates. This will allow solo travelers to stay connected through phone calls, messages, and social media platforms.
2. Internet cafes: Visit internet cafes in major cities like Harare and Bulawayo to access high-speed internet and communicate with loved ones through email, video calls, and messaging apps.
3. Portable Wi-Fi devices: Rent a portable Wi-Fi device or use mobile hotspot services to have internet access on the go, especially in more remote areas where connectivity may be limited.
4. Social media: Stay connected with family and friends through social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram, where you can share updates and photos of your solo travel adventures in real-time.
By utilizing these methods, solo travelers can easily stay connected with their loved ones while exploring the beautiful country of Zimbabwe.
4. What are some budget-friendly tips for solo travelers in Zimbabwe?
1. Opt for budget accommodation options such as hostels, guesthouses, or campgrounds instead of luxury hotels to save money on lodging expenses while traveling solo in Zimbabwe. Many budget-friendly accommodations offer dormitory-style rooms or single rooms at affordable rates.
2. Look for local eateries and street food vendors to enjoy authentic Zimbabwean cuisine at lower prices compared to tourist restaurants. Eating local not only saves money but also allows you to experience the true flavors of the destination.
3. Utilize public transportation like buses, minibusses, or shared taxis to get around Zimbabwe instead of hiring private vehicles or taking expensive tours. Public transportation is not only cost-effective but also offers an opportunity to interact with locals and immerse yourself in the local culture.
4. Plan your activities wisely and prioritize free or low-cost attractions such as exploring national parks, visiting local markets, or hiking nature trails. Many natural wonders in Zimbabwe can be enjoyed without spending a lot of money, providing a budget-friendly way to experience the beauty of the country while traveling solo.
5. How can solo travelers navigate transportation in Zimbabwe?
Solo travelers in Zimbabwe can navigate transportation effectively by following these tips:
1. Utilize public transportation options such as buses and minibuses, which are affordable and widely available in major cities like Harare and Bulawayo. Be prepared for crowded conditions and potential delays, but this can be a cost-effective way to get around.
2. Consider renting a car for more flexibility and convenience, especially if you plan to explore remote areas or national parks. Make sure to have the necessary documents, including an international driving permit, and be prepared for varying road conditions.
3. Use ride-sharing apps like Uber if you prefer a more convenient and often safer option for getting around cities. This can be especially useful for late-night travel when public transportation may be less reliable.
4. Book tours or transfers through reputable companies for longer journeys or trips to popular tourist destinations. This can ensure a smoother travel experience and peace of mind, particularly for solo travelers concerned about safety.
5. Stay alert and aware of your surroundings when using any form of transportation in Zimbabwe, as petty theft can occur in certain areas. Keep your belongings secure and avoid traveling alone at night whenever possible. Researching transportation options in advance and seeking advice from locals can also help solo travelers navigate Zimbabwe with confidence.
6. Is it safe for solo female travelers to visit Zimbabwe?
Yes, it can be safe for solo female travelers to visit Zimbabwe with proper precautions and research. Here are some tips to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip:
1. Research: Before your trip, make sure to research the destinations you plan to visit in Zimbabwe, including the current safety situation, local customs, and any travel advisories.
2. Stay informed: Stay updated on local news and events during your stay in Zimbabwe to avoid any potential safety risks.
3. Accommodation: Choose reputable accommodation options that are known to be safe for solo female travelers, such as hotels with good reviews and security measures in place.
4. Transportation: Use reliable transportation options, such as registered taxis or reputable tour companies, especially when traveling alone at night.
5. Dress modestly: Respect the local culture by dressing modestly to avoid unwanted attention.
6. Use common sense: Trust your instincts and use common sense when exploring Zimbabwe on your own. Avoid risky situations and trust the locals for advice on safe places to visit.
By taking these precautions and staying vigilant during your trip, solo female travelers can have a safe and rewarding experience in Zimbabwe.
7. What are some cultural norms and customs solo travelers should be aware of in Zimbabwe?
When solo traveling in Zimbabwe, it is important to be aware of and respectful towards the country’s cultural norms and customs. Here are some key points solo travelers should keep in mind:
1. Greetings: Zimbabweans value greetings and it is customary to greet people when entering a room or joining a conversation. A simple “hello” or “good morning” goes a long way in showing respect.
2. Dress Code: It is advisable to dress modestly, especially when visiting rural areas or religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing to show respect for the local culture.
3. Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, particularly in rural areas or of local residents. Some may not feel comfortable being photographed without their consent.
4. Handshakes: Handshakes are common when greeting someone in Zimbabwe. Use your right hand for handshakes and avoid using your left hand, as it is considered disrespectful in some cultures.
5. Respect for Elders: Zimbabwean culture places a high value on respecting elders. Be sure to show deference and use respectful language when interacting with older individuals.
6. Tipping: Tipping is appreciated in Zimbabwe, especially in restaurants and for various services. It is customary to tip around 10% of the bill in restaurants.
7. Traditional Customs: Be open to learning about and participating in traditional customs and rituals if invited by locals. Showing interest and respect for these customs can lead to meaningful cultural exchanges and connections during your solo travels in Zimbabwe.
By being mindful of these cultural norms and customs, solo travelers can show respect for the local culture and enhance their travel experience in Zimbabwe.
8. How can solo travelers avoid common scams in Zimbabwe?
Solo travelers can avoid common scams in Zimbabwe by following these tips:
1. Research and be informed about the common scams in the area you are visiting, including Zimbabwe. Familiarize yourself with the typical techniques used by scammers to target tourists.
2. Be cautious of strangers approaching you with offers that seem too good to be true, such as free tours, cheap accommodation, or lucrative investment opportunities. These are often tactics used to scam unsuspecting travelers.
3. Only use reputable and licensed tour operators and accommodation providers. Make sure to verify their credentials and reviews before booking any services.
4. Keep your personal belongings secure and avoid displaying flashy items like expensive jewelry, cameras, or electronic devices, as they may attract the attention of thieves and scammers.
5. Be wary of taxi drivers who try to overcharge you or take you on a detour to run up the fare. Use trusted taxi companies or transportation services recommended by your accommodation.
6. Avoid sharing personal information, such as your accommodation details or travel plans, with strangers you meet on the street or online. This information can be used against you by scammers.
7. Stay vigilant in crowded areas, such as markets, bus stations, and tourist attractions, where pickpockets and scammers may be more prevalent. Keep your belongings close and be mindful of your surroundings.
8. Trust your instincts and don’t be afraid to walk away from any situation that makes you feel uncomfortable or suspicious. If you feel like you are being targeted by a scam, seek help from local authorities or tourist information centers.
9. What should solo travelers pack when visiting Zimbabwe?
When visiting Zimbabwe as a solo traveler, it is important to pack strategically to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip. Here are some essential items to consider bringing:
1. Travel Documents: Ensure you have a valid passport, any necessary visas, travel insurance documents, and a copy of your itinerary.
2. Clothing: Pack comfortable clothing suitable for the local climate, including lightweight and breathable fabrics for the hot weather and warmer layers for cooler evenings.
3. Footwear: Sturdy and comfortable walking shoes are essential, especially if you plan to explore the country’s natural attractions or go on safari.
4. Sun Protection: Zimbabwe has a sunny climate, so pack sunscreen, a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and sun-protective clothing to avoid sunburn.
5. Insect Repellent: Protect yourself from mosquito bites by packing insect repellent, especially if you are visiting during the rainy season.
6. Medications: Bring along any necessary medications, as well as a basic first-aid kit for minor emergencies.
7. Electronics: Don’t forget your camera or smartphone for capturing memories, along with adapters and chargers to stay connected.
8. Money: Carry enough cash in the local currency (Zimbabwean dollar) and a credit/debit card for emergencies. ATMs are not widely available in rural areas.
9. Travel Guidebook: Consider bringing a guidebook or downloading relevant travel apps to help navigate the country and learn about its history and culture.
By packing wisely and considering the specific needs of traveling solo in Zimbabwe, you can have a fulfilling and memorable experience while exploring this beautiful African destination.
10. Are there any specific health precautions solo travelers should take when traveling to Zimbabwe?
Solo travelers visiting Zimbabwe should consider the following health precautions to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip:
1. Vaccinations: It is recommended to be up to date on routine vaccinations before traveling to Zimbabwe. Additionally, vaccinations for hepatitis A, typhoid, and yellow fever may be advisable depending on the traveler’s medical history and planned activities.
2. Malaria prevention: Zimbabwe is a malaria-endemic country, particularly in low-lying areas such as Kariba, Victoria Falls, and the Zambezi Valley. Travelers should take appropriate measures to prevent mosquito bites, such as using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and taking antimalarial medications as prescribed.
3. Food and water safety: Solo travelers should be cautious about consuming food and water from unreliable sources to avoid waterborne diseases like cholera and traveler’s diarrhea. It is advisable to drink bottled water, avoid ice in drinks, and eat hot, well-cooked foods.
4. Medical care: Travelers should have adequate travel health insurance that covers medical evacuation in case of emergencies. It is essential to carry a basic medical kit with essential medications and supplies, as access to medical facilities may be limited in some parts of the country.
5. Heat-related illnesses: Zimbabwe can have high temperatures, especially during the dry season. Solo travelers should stay hydrated, wear sunscreen, and seek shade during peak sun hours to prevent heat exhaustion or heatstroke.
By following these health precautions, solo travelers can better protect themselves and enjoy their trip to Zimbabwe with peace of mind.
11. How can solo travelers deal with language barriers in Zimbabwe?
Dealing with language barriers as a solo traveler in Zimbabwe can be challenging, but there are several strategies you can implement to overcome this obstacle:
1. Learn Basic Phrases: Before your trip, take the time to learn some essential phrases in the local language, Shona or Ndebele, such as greetings, directions, and common courtesies. This effort can go a long way in bridging the communication gap.
2. Utilize Translation Apps: Technology can be a valuable tool when navigating language barriers. Download translation apps such as Google Translate or Duolingo to help you communicate with locals and understand written text.
3. Carry a Phrasebook: In situations where internet access is limited, having a physical phrasebook can be extremely helpful. These books often contain useful vocabulary and expressions that you can refer to on the go.
4. Use Non-verbal Communication: Sometimes, words are not necessary to convey a message. Utilize gestures, facial expressions, and body language to communicate basic needs and intentions.
5. Seek Help from Locals: Don’t hesitate to ask locals for assistance or clarification when you encounter language difficulties. Zimbabweans are generally friendly and willing to help travelers navigate their country.
6. Stay Patient and Respectful: Dealing with language barriers can be frustrating, but it’s essential to remain patient and respectful during interactions. A positive attitude and a willingness to learn can often overcome communication hurdles.
By implementing these strategies and approaches, solo travelers can effectively navigate language barriers in Zimbabwe and enhance their overall travel experience.
12. What are some solo-friendly accommodation options in Zimbabwe?
1. Hostels: Hostels are a budget-friendly and social accommodation option for solo travelers in Zimbabwe. They offer dormitory style rooms and sometimes private rooms at affordable rates. Hostels are a great way to meet other travelers and make new friends while exploring the country.
2. Guesthouses: Guesthouses are another popular choice for solo travelers in Zimbabwe. They are usually smaller than hotels and offer a more personalized experience. Guesthouses often have communal areas where guests can socialize and connect with fellow travelers.
3. Airbnb: Airbnb is a popular option for solo travelers looking for more privacy and independence. You can rent a private room or an entire apartment/house, giving you the flexibility to cook your own meals and live like a local.
4. Campsites: If you enjoy the great outdoors, camping is a fantastic option in Zimbabwe. There are plenty of campsites throughout the country, including in national parks and wildlife reserves. Camping allows you to immerse yourself in nature and experience the beauty of Zimbabwe firsthand.
5. Boutique hotels: For solo travelers looking for a more upscale accommodation option, boutique hotels are a great choice. These smaller, independent hotels offer a more intimate setting and personalized service. They are often located in unique and charming locations, adding to the overall experience of your solo trip in Zimbabwe.
Overall, Zimbabwe offers a variety of solo-friendly accommodation options to suit every budget and preference. Whether you prefer the social atmosphere of hostels, the privacy of Airbnb, or the luxury of boutique hotels, you are sure to find the perfect place to stay during your solo adventure in Zimbabwe.
13. How can solo travelers make the most of their time in Zimbabwe?
Solo travelers can make the most of their time in Zimbabwe by following these tips:
1. Plan your itinerary carefully: Research and outline the places you want to visit in Zimbabwe to make the most of your time there. Don’t forget to include popular destinations like Victoria Falls, Hwange National Park, Great Zimbabwe Ruins, and Matobo National Park.
2. Embrace the local culture: Engage with locals, try traditional foods, attend cultural events, and learn about Zimbabwe’s history and customs. This will enrich your travel experience and provide a deeper understanding of the country.
3. Stay safe: Zimbabwe is generally a safe country for travelers, but it’s important to take common-sense precautions. Avoid walking alone at night, keep your belongings secure, and be aware of your surroundings.
4. Explore off the beaten path: While popular tourist destinations are a must-visit, consider exploring lesser-known places in Zimbabwe. This will give you a more authentic experience and allow you to connect with the local community.
5. Participate in outdoor activities: Zimbabwe offers a range of outdoor adventures such as safaris, hiking, canoeing, and zip-lining. Take advantage of these opportunities to explore the country’s natural beauty and wildlife.
6. Take advantage of solo travel perks: Solo travelers have the flexibility to make spontaneous decisions and change plans as they please. Embrace this freedom and take advantage of opportunities that come your way.
7. Be respectful: Respect the local customs, traditions, and wildlife when traveling in Zimbabwe. This will not only help you make a positive impact on the communities you visit but also enhance your overall travel experience.
By following these tips, solo travelers can make the most of their time in Zimbabwe and create unforgettable memories in this beautiful and diverse country.
14. What are some local dishes solo travelers should try in Zimbabwe?
When exploring Zimbabwe as a solo traveler, there are several local dishes that you should definitely try to get a taste of the authentic Zimbabwean cuisine. Some of the must-try dishes include:
1. Sadza: This is a staple food in Zimbabwe made from maize meal and typically served with vegetables and meat. It forms the basis of many Zimbabwean meals and is a filling and satisfying dish to try.
2. Nyama: Nyama means meat in Shona, and Zimbabweans have various traditional meat dishes such as grilled or roasted meat, including beef, chicken, or goat. These dishes are often seasoned with local spices and herbs, offering a unique flavor experience.
3. Muriwo na Nyama: This is a popular dish in Zimbabwe consisting of leafy greens such as collard greens or spinach cooked with meat, usually beef. It’s a nutritious and flavorful option that showcases the local ingredients and cooking techniques.
4. Kapenta: If you are a seafood lover, don’t miss trying kapenta, which are small dried fish that are fried and served as a snack or part of a meal. They are rich in flavor and are a unique delicacy in Zimbabwe.
5. Mazondo: This dish consists of beef trotters cooked in a flavorful sauce until tender. It’s a hearty and rich dish that is enjoyed by many Zimbabweans and is worth sampling during your solo travels.
By trying these local dishes in Zimbabwe, you’ll not only satisfy your taste buds but also gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the country’s culinary traditions and culture.
15. Are there any etiquette tips for solo travelers in Zimbabwe?
Yes, there are several etiquette tips for solo travelers in Zimbabwe to keep in mind:
1. Respect local customs and traditions: Zimbabwe has a rich cultural heritage, so it’s important to respect local customs such as greetings, dress codes, and social norms.
2. Be mindful of wildlife: If you’re visiting national parks or wildlife reserves, follow the guidelines provided by park authorities and maintain a safe distance from animals.
3. Support local communities: Engage with local businesses, artisans, and guides to support the local economy and learn more about the culture.
4. Practice responsible tourism: Be mindful of your environmental impact by reducing waste, conserving water, and supporting eco-friendly initiatives.
5. Stay informed: Stay informed about local news and developments to ensure your safety and make informed decisions during your solo travels in Zimbabwe.
16. How can solo travelers learn more about the history and culture of Zimbabwe?
Solo travelers looking to learn more about the rich history and vibrant culture of Zimbabwe have several options to immerse themselves in the local experience:
1. Museums and Heritage Sites: Visit museums such as the National Gallery of Zimbabwe and the Great Zimbabwe Ruins to delve into the country’s history and heritage.
2. Cultural Experiences: Engage with locals through cultural experiences like traditional dance performances, craft markets, and homestays to gain insights into Zimbabwean traditions.
3. Guided Tours: Join guided tours to iconic landmarks such as Victoria Falls or Matobo National Park, where knowledgeable guides can provide historical context and cultural significance.
4. Local Festivals and Events: Check out local festivals and events that celebrate Zimbabwean culture, such as the Harare International Festival of the Arts (HIFA) or the Mbira Festival, to experience traditional music, dance, and food.
5. Language and Cuisine: Learn a few basic words in Shona or Ndebele, the predominant languages in Zimbabwe, and try local dishes like sadza and traditional stews to further immerse yourself in the culture.
By combining these different experiences, solo travelers can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of Zimbabwe’s history and culture during their visit.
17. Are there any solo travel groups or meetups in Zimbabwe?
As of my current knowledge, there may not be specifically dedicated solo travel groups or meetups in Zimbabwe. However, there are various travel groups and organizations within the country that could potentially provide opportunities for solo travelers to connect with like-minded individuals. Some suggestions to find solo travel groups or meetups in Zimbabwe could include:
1. Checking online platforms and social media groups related to travel or Zimbabwe tourism, where solo travelers often share tips, experiences, and potentially arrange meetups.
2. Contacting local travel agencies or tour operators in Zimbabwe to inquire about any upcoming group tours or events that cater to solo travelers.
3. Attending travel events, seminars, or workshops where you can meet fellow solo travelers and potentially form a group for future adventures.
4. Utilizing international travel platforms or websites that specialize in connecting solo travelers globally, as they may have members or groups based in Zimbabwe.
It’s always important to exercise caution and ensure the credibility of any group or meetup before participating in solo travel activities.
18. What are the best ways for solo travelers to explore the wildlife and nature in Zimbabwe?
Solo travelers looking to explore the wildlife and nature in Zimbabwe have several options to make the most of their experience:
1. National Parks and Reserves: Zimbabwe is home to several renowned national parks and reserves such as Hwange National Park, Mana Pools National Park, and Matobo National Park. These protected areas offer abundant opportunities to spot a wide variety of wildlife including elephants, lions, leopards, and rhinos in their natural habitats.
2. Guided Safaris: Opting for guided safaris with experienced tour operators can enhance your wildlife exploration experience. These tours provide knowledgeable guides who are well-versed in the local flora and fauna, ensuring you have a safe and informative journey.
3. Walking Safaris: For a more immersive experience, consider embarking on a walking safari in Zimbabwe. This allows you to get up close and personal with the wildlife and appreciate the intricate details of the environment around you.
4. Bird Watching: Zimbabwe is a birdwatcher’s paradise, boasting over 670 bird species. Solo travelers with an interest in bird watching can visit various birding hotspots like Victoria Falls, Eastern Highlands, and Lake Kariba to spot a diverse array of avian species.
5. Cultural Interactions: In addition to wildlife, Zimbabwe offers rich cultural experiences that solo travelers can partake in. Engaging with local communities and learning about their traditions and way of life can provide a well-rounded exploration of the country’s natural and cultural heritage.
By incorporating these strategies into their solo travel itinerary, adventurers can fully immerse themselves in Zimbabwe’s breathtaking wildlife and natural landscapes while creating unforgettable memories along the way.
19. How can solo travelers support local communities and businesses in Zimbabwe?
Solo travelers can support local communities and businesses in Zimbabwe in several ways, including:
1. Choose locally owned accommodations: Opt for guesthouses, lodges, or homestays that are owned and operated by locals. This way, you can directly contribute to the livelihood of Zimbabwean families and communities.
2. Eat at local restaurants: Instead of dining at international chain restaurants, try local eateries that serve authentic Zimbabwean cuisine. By doing so, you support small businesses and help preserve the country’s culinary traditions.
3. Shop from local artisans: Purchase souvenirs, crafts, and artwork directly from local artisans and markets. This not only helps local businesses thrive but also allows you to take home unique and authentic mementos of your trip.
4. Participate in community-based tourism activities: Seek out community-based tourism initiatives that offer authentic experiences hosted by local communities. This could include guided tours, cultural performances, or volunteering opportunities.
5. Hire local guides and tour operators: When exploring Zimbabwe’s attractions, consider hiring local guides and tour operators who have a deep understanding of the region’s history, culture, and environment. This supports local employment and ensures a more enriching travel experience.
By making conscious choices to support local communities and businesses during your solo travels in Zimbabwe, you can contribute positively to the economy, foster cultural exchange, and help empower local residents.
20. What are some emergency contacts and resources for solo travelers in Zimbabwe?
When traveling solo in Zimbabwe, it is important to have access to emergency contacts and resources in case you encounter any issues during your trip. Here are some essential contacts and resources for solo travelers in Zimbabwe:
1. Police: In case of any emergencies requiring immediate assistance, you can contact the police by dialing 999.
2. Ambulance and Medical Services: If you need medical assistance or an ambulance, you can reach out to the Zimbabwe Emergency Medical Rescue Services (EMRAS) at 0800 3333.
3. Embassies and Consulates: It is advisable to have the contact information for your country’s embassy or consulate in Zimbabwe in case you need assistance with passport issues, legal matters, or any other emergencies.
4. Travel Insurance Provider: Keep the contact details of your travel insurance provider handy in case you need to make a claim or seek assistance for medical emergencies, trip cancellations, or lost/stolen belongings.
5. Local Emergency Numbers: Apart from the general emergency number (999), it is also useful to have specific local emergency numbers for the area you are visiting in Zimbabwe.
6. Trusted Local Contacts: Before your trip, establish contact with a trusted local guide, hotel staff, or tour operator who can assist you in case of emergencies or provide local insights on safety and security.
By ensuring you have access to these emergency contacts and resources, you can have peace of mind while traveling solo in Zimbabwe and be prepared for any unforeseen circumstances.