1. What are some popular hiking trails in Argentina?
1. One of the most popular hiking trails in Argentina is the Laguna de los Tres trek in Los Glaciares National Park. This challenging trail offers stunning views of Mount Fitz Roy and its surrounding peaks. Another renowned hiking destination is the Cerro Torre trail, also located in Los Glaciares National Park, offering breathtaking views of Cerro Torre and the Patagonian ice fields.
2. The Huella Andina trek in Northern Patagonia is a long-distance trail, stretching over 300 miles through the Andes mountains, showcasing diverse landscapes and remote wilderness areas. Additionally, the Condor Circuit in Nahuel Huapi National Park is a splendid option for experienced hikers, providing panoramic views of the Andes and pristine lakes.
3. In the northwest region of Argentina, the Salta region offers unique hiking opportunities such as the challenging hike to the summit of Mount Llullaillaco, an active volcano with a height of over 22,000 feet. For those seeking a more serene hiking experience, the Quebrada de las Conchas in Cafayate showcases stunning rock formations and colorful landscapes.
2. Can you recommend some must-visit national parks for outdoor activities in Argentina?
1. One of the must-visit national parks for outdoor activities in Argentina is Nahuel Huapi National Park, located in the Patagonia region. This park offers a wide range of activities such as hiking, mountain biking, fishing, and kayaking amidst stunning landscapes of lakes, mountains, and forests.
2. Another recommendation is Iguazu National Park, home to the famous Iguazu Falls. Visitors can enjoy activities such as jungle treks, birdwatching, and boat rides to experience the power and beauty of the cascading waterfalls in the subtropical rainforest setting.
3. Tierra del Fuego National Park, situated at the southern tip of Argentina, is also a fantastic destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Here, you can explore rugged landscapes, fjords, and glaciers through activities like trekking, wildlife spotting, and canoeing in the Beagle Channel.
4. Los Glaciares National Park is another top choice, known for its iconic Perito Moreno Glacier. Adventurers can partake in ice trekking, glacier cruises, and hiking in this UNESCO World Heritage site surrounded by majestic peaks and pristine lakes.
These national parks in Argentina offer diverse outdoor activities for nature lovers and adventure seekers, providing unforgettable experiences in some of the most breathtaking landscapes in South America.
3. What are the best locations for bird watching in Argentina?
1. Argentina is a paradise for birdwatchers, boasting a wide variety of habitats that attract over 1000 bird species. One of the best locations for bird watching in Argentina is the Iberá Wetlands in the northeast of the country. This vast area is home to an incredible diversity of bird species, including the iconic Jabiru stork, Roseate spoonbill, and various kingfishers and herons.
2. The Patagonian region in southern Argentina is another excellent spot for birdwatching, with its unique blend of coastal, mountain, and steppe environments. Here, bird enthusiasts can spot Magellanic penguins, Andean condors, and the colorful Chilean flamingos among many other species.
3. The Andean Northwest region, particularly around the Salta and Jujuy provinces, is also a hot spot for bird watching. The Yungas cloud forests provide a lush habitat for a variety of birds, such as the Andean cock-of-the-rock, torrent duck, and the elusive Andean condor soaring high above the dramatic landscapes.
Overall, Argentina offers a rich tapestry of bird watching opportunities, each region providing a unique experience for enthusiasts to marvel at the diverse avian fauna in stunning natural settings.
4. What outdoor activities are available in Patagonia, Argentina?
Patagonia, Argentina offers a wide range of outdoor activities for adventure enthusiasts. Some popular options include:
1. Hiking: Patagonia is renowned for its stunning landscapes, including the Andes mountains and the Patagonian steppe. There are various hiking trails of different difficulty levels available for hikers of all abilities, offering the chance to explore the region’s diverse ecosystems and breathtaking scenery.
2. Trekking: Patagonia is a mecca for trekking enthusiasts, with famous routes such as the Torres del Paine W Trek in Chile and the Fitz Roy Trek in Argentina. These multi-day treks allow visitors to immerse themselves in the region’s natural beauty while challenging themselves physically.
3. Mountaineering: Patagonia is a paradise for mountaineers, with iconic peaks such as Cerro Torre and Cerro Fitz Roy attracting climbers from around the world. The region offers a variety of climbing opportunities, from alpine ascents to technical rock climbing routes.
4. Wildlife watching: Patagonia is home to a diverse array of wildlife, including guanacos, condors, pumas, and more. Visitors can embark on guided wildlife watching excursions to spot these animals in their natural habitat, providing a unique opportunity to connect with nature.
Overall, Patagonia, Argentina offers an abundance of outdoor activities for nature lovers and adventure seekers alike, making it a must-visit destination for those looking to explore the great outdoors.
5. What is the best time of year to go whitewater rafting in Argentina?
The best time of year to go whitewater rafting in Argentina is typically during the country’s summer months, which run from December to March. This period offers warmer weather and higher water levels due to the melting snow from the Andes mountains. It is important to note that the exact timing can vary depending on the specific river and region where you plan to go rafting. For example, the Mendoza River in central Argentina is best for rafting from November to April, while the rivers in Patagonia are usually at their peak from late November to early February. It’s always a good idea to check with local rafting outfitters for the most up-to-date information on river conditions and the best time to plan your rafting adventure in Argentina.
6. Are there any companies that offer guided rock climbing excursions in Argentina?
Yes, there are several companies in Argentina that offer guided rock climbing excursions for both beginners and experienced climbers. One well-known company is Andes Vertical, which has a team of qualified guides who can take you to some of the best climbing spots in the country, such as the famous Frey Valley in Patagonia. Another reputable company is Patagonia Vertical, which offers rock climbing trips in the stunning landscapes of El Chalten and Bariloche. Climbing companies in Argentina typically provide all necessary equipment, transportation to the climbing site, and experienced guides who prioritize safety. These excursions are a fantastic way to experience the breathtaking beauty of Argentina’s natural scenery while challenging yourself in a thrilling outdoor activity.
7. Can you recommend some off-the-beaten-path destinations in Argentina for outdoor activities?
Certainly! Argentina offers a vast array of off-the-beaten-path destinations for outdoor activities. Here are some recommendations:
1. El Chalten: This small town in Patagonia is a paradise for hiking and trekking enthusiasts. It’s home to the iconic Mount Fitz Roy and offers a wide range of trails for all levels of experience. You can explore the Los Glaciares National Park, visit stunning lakes, and enjoy breathtaking views of the Andes mountains.
2. Salta: Located in the northwest of Argentina, Salta is known for its rugged landscapes and unique cultural heritage. You can go horseback riding in the Andean foothills, explore the colorful rock formations of the Quebrada de las Conchas, or trek through the high-altitude deserts of the Puna region.
3. Bariloche: Nestled in the northern Patagonian Andes, Bariloche is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts. You can go hiking in the Nahuel Huapi National Park, kayak on the crystal-clear waters of Lake Nahuel Huapi, or ski in the winter months at the nearby Cerro Catedral ski resort.
4. Ibera Wetlands: For a different kind of outdoor adventure, head to the Ibera Wetlands in northeastern Argentina. This vast natural reserve is home to an incredible diversity of wildlife, including caimans, capybaras, and hundreds of bird species. You can take boat tours, go birdwatching, or simply immerse yourself in the peaceful surroundings.
5. Peninsula Valdes: If you’re a wildlife lover, don’t miss the chance to visit Peninsula Valdes on the Atlantic coast. This UNESCO World Heritage site is a haven for marine mammals, including Southern right whales, sea lions, and orcas. You can go whale watching, snorkeling with sea lions, or explore the rugged coastline on a self-guided hike.
These off-the-beaten-path destinations in Argentina offer a truly unique outdoor experience that combines stunning landscapes, rich biodiversity, and authentic cultural encounters.
8. What are some unique outdoor activities that can be experienced in the Andean region of Argentina?
In the Andean region of Argentina, there are several unique outdoor activities that visitors can experience:
1. Trekking and hiking: The Andes offer a variety of trekking and hiking opportunities with stunning landscapes, including the famous Aconcagua, the highest peak in South America.
2. Mountaineering: Experienced climbers can challenge themselves by attempting to summit some of the challenging peaks in the region, such as Mount Bonete or Mount Tupungato.
3. Horseback riding: Explore the Andean foothills and valleys on horseback, immersing yourself in the local culture and enjoying the breathtaking scenery.
4. Rafting and kayaking: Adrenaline junkies can enjoy white-water rafting and kayaking in the rivers that flow through the Andean region, such as the Mendoza River.
5. Mountain biking: For those seeking an active adventure, mountain biking through the rugged terrain of the Andes provides an exhilarating experience.
6. Bird watching: The Andean region is home to a variety of unique bird species, making it a paradise for birdwatchers.
7. Wine tasting: Relax after a day of outdoor activities by visiting one of the many vineyards in the Andean foothills, where you can sample some of Argentina’s famous wines.
8. Stargazing: The high altitude of the Andean region provides excellent conditions for stargazing, offering a unique opportunity to marvel at the night sky.
9. Are there any opportunities for horseback riding excursions in Argentina?
Yes, Argentina is known for its vast plains and stunning landscapes, making it an ideal destination for horseback riding excursions. There are numerous opportunities throughout the country to experience the beauty of Argentina on horseback. Here are some popular regions where you can partake in horseback riding excursions:
1. The Pampas: The expansive grasslands of the Pampas provide a picturesque setting for horseback riding adventures. Visitors can ride through the rolling hills and open fields while taking in the natural beauty of the region.
2. Patagonia: The rugged terrain of Patagonia offers a unique horseback riding experience, with opportunities to explore glaciers, mountains, and pristine lakes on horseback. These excursions often combine riding with other outdoor activities like hiking and camping.
3. Salta: In the northwest of Argentina, the province of Salta is known for its stunning landscapes and colonial charm. Horseback riding excursions here allow visitors to ride through colorful valleys, dramatic gorges, and ancient ruins.
Whether you are a seasoned rider looking for a challenging adventure or a beginner looking to experience the beauty of Argentina from a different perspective, there are plenty of options for horseback riding excursions in the country.
10. What are the most popular ski resorts in Argentina?
1. Bariloche: Located in the Patagonian region, Bariloche is known for its stunning scenery and well-developed ski slopes. The resort offers a variety of runs suitable for all levels of skiers and snowboarders, along with off-piste options for more experienced riders.
2. Chapelco: Situated in the Andes Mountains near the town of San Martin de los Andes, Chapelco is a popular ski resort known for its reliable snow conditions and picturesque setting. The resort offers a range of terrain to suit all abilities, as well as stunning views of the surrounding lakes and forests.
3. Las Lenas: Located in the province of Mendoza, Las Lenas is one of Argentina’s most famous ski resorts, attracting visitors from around the world. Known for its challenging terrain and deep powder, the resort offers a unique skiing experience for advanced riders.
4. Cerro Catedral: As one of the largest ski resorts in South America, Cerro Catedral is a popular destination for both locals and international visitors. Situated near the town of Bariloche, the resort features a wide range of slopes and facilities, making it suitable for skiers and snowboarders of all levels.
5. Caviahue: Nestled in the Neuquén province, Caviahue is a charming ski resort known for its relaxed atmosphere and natural hot springs. The resort offers a variety of runs surrounded by stunning scenery, making it a great choice for those looking for a more laid-back skiing experience.
11. Can you recommend some guided fishing excursions in Argentina?
1. In Argentina, there are several fantastic guided fishing excursions that cater to anglers of all skill levels. One highly recommended destination for fishing enthusiasts is the province of Corrientes, particularly the town of Esquina, which is renowned for its excellent fishing opportunities on the Corriente River. Here, you can embark on guided fishing trips targeting Dorado, a prized game fish known for its strength and acrobatic leaps.
2. Another popular fishing destination in Argentina is Bariloche, located in the Patagonia region. Here, you can fish in crystal-clear lakes and rivers surrounded by stunning mountain landscapes. Trout is the predominant species targeted by anglers in Bariloche, with both rainbow and brown trout abundant in the area’s waters.
3. The city of Salta, in northern Argentina, is also a great spot for guided fishing excursions. Here, anglers can fish in the Juramento River, known for its large population of Golden Dorado. The scenic beauty of the region adds to the overall fishing experience, making it a must-visit destination for fishing enthusiasts.
4. When booking a guided fishing excursion in Argentina, be sure to research reputable outfitters and guides who are knowledgeable about the local fishing spots and techniques. They can provide valuable insight and ensure you have a memorable and successful fishing trip in Argentina.
12. What are the best spots for camping in Argentina?
Argentina offers a wide range of stunning camping spots for outdoor enthusiasts. Some of the best spots for camping in Argentina include:
1. Nahuel Huapi National Park: Located in the Patagonia region, this national park offers breathtaking mountain views, crystal-clear lakes, and lush forests for camping and outdoor activities.
2. Los Glaciares National Park: Home to the iconic Perito Moreno Glacier, this national park in the southern Andes is a popular camping destination with opportunities for hiking, glacier trekking, and wildlife spotting.
3. Quebrada de Humahuaca: This UNESCO World Heritage site in the northern province of Jujuy features colorful rock formations, indigenous culture, and fantastic camping sites amidst the stunning landscapes of the Andean mountains.
4. Tierra del Fuego National Park: Situated at the southern tip of Argentina, this park is known for its rugged beauty, diverse wildlife, and camping spots that offer a true wilderness experience near the end of the world.
5. Iguazu National Park: Famous for the awe-inspiring Iguazu Falls, this national park in the northeast of Argentina provides camping opportunities near the falls and within the surrounding rainforest.
Make sure to check the camping regulations and facilities available at each location before planning your trip. Argentina’s diverse landscapes offer something for every camping enthusiast, whether you prefer mountains, glaciers, forests, deserts, or waterfalls.
13. Are there any opportunities for glacier trekking in Argentina?
Yes, Argentina offers some incredible opportunities for glacier trekking, particularly in the southern region of Patagonia. One of the most famous spots for glacier trekking in Argentina is Perito Moreno Glacier in Los Glaciares National Park. Here, you can embark on guided treks across the glacier’s surface, exploring its crevasses, ice caves, and stunning blue ice formations. Additionally, the Upsala Glacier and Viedma Glacier in the same region also offer excellent glacier trekking experiences. These adventures typically involve hiking on rugged terrain, using crampons and ice axes, and navigating through the icy landscape with the help of experienced guides. Glacier trekking in Argentina provides a unique opportunity to witness the breathtaking beauty of these frozen giants up close and is a truly unforgettable outdoor experience for adventure seekers.
14. Can you recommend some cultural outdoor experiences in Argentina, such as indigenous village visits or gaucho ranch stays?
In Argentina, there are several incredible cultural outdoor experiences that travelers can partake in to gain a deep understanding of the country’s diverse heritage. Some recommended activities include:
1. Visiting indigenous communities: Argentina is home to various indigenous groups, such as the Mapuche and the Guarani. By visiting indigenous villages, travelers can learn about their traditions, beliefs, and way of life. Many communities offer cultural experiences, including traditional music and dance performances, handicraft markets, and guided tours of their lands.
2. Gaucho ranch stays: For a truly authentic experience, staying at a gaucho ranch is a must-do in Argentina. Gauchos are the country’s skilled horsemen and cowboys, known for their strong connection to the land and traditional way of life. Guests can participate in activities such as horseback riding, herding cattle, and enjoying traditional Argentine meals cooked over an open fire.
3. Attending a traditional Argentine folk music or dance performance: Argentine folklore is rich and diverse, with influences from indigenous, African, and European cultures. Watching a live performance of traditional folk music, such as the stirring melodies of the bandoneon in tango music, or the energetic rhythms of chacarera and zamba dances, is a great way to immerse oneself in the country’s cultural heritage.
4. Exploring historic neighborhoods: Cities like Buenos Aires boast charming neighborhoods with a unique cultural identity. From the colorful streets of La Boca, known for its vibrant street art and tango performances, to the historic cobblestone alleys of San Telmo, where antique markets and traditional cafes abound, there are plenty of opportunities to experience Argentina’s cultural richness in an outdoor setting.
By partaking in these cultural outdoor experiences in Argentina, travelers can gain a deeper appreciation for the country’s heritage and connect with its diverse communities in a meaningful way.
15. What wildlife can be observed during outdoor excursions in Argentina?
1. In Argentina, a wide variety of wildlife can be observed during outdoor excursions due to the country’s diverse ecosystems and habitats. Some of the notable wildlife species that can be encountered include:
2. Pumas: Argentina is home to a significant population of pumas, also known as mountain lions, which can be spotted in the mountainous regions of Patagonia.
3. Guanacos: These wild relatives of llamas are commonly found in the grasslands and mountainous areas of Argentina, particularly in the Patagonian region.
4. Andean Condors: With a wingspan of up to 3 meters, these majestic birds can be seen soaring through the skies in the Andean mountain range.
5. Capybaras: The world’s largest rodent, capybaras, can be seen in wetland areas such as the Ibera Marshes in northeastern Argentina.
6. Magellanic Penguins: Along the coastline of Patagonia, particularly in places like Punta Tombo, visitors can witness colonies of these charming birds.
7. Rheas: These flightless birds, similar to ostriches, roam the grasslands and shrublands of Argentina, providing a unique sight for wildlife enthusiasts.
8. Jaguars: Although rare and elusive, the jaguar can still be spotted in remote areas of the Iguazu National Park and the northeastern region of Argentina.
9. Sea Lions and Southern Right Whales: Coastal regions like Peninsula Valdes provide opportunities to observe these marine mammals during certain times of the year.
10. Additionally, Argentina boasts a diverse array of bird species, including flamingos, toucans, and hummingbirds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers.
Overall, Argentina offers an incredible opportunity to experience a rich tapestry of wildlife during outdoor excursions, providing a truly unforgettable experience for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts alike.
16. Are there any opportunities for kayaking or canoeing in Argentina?
Yes, there are several opportunities for kayaking and canoeing in Argentina due to its diverse landscape that includes rivers, lakes, and coastline. Here are some popular destinations for kayaking and canoeing in the country:
1. Tigre Delta: Located near Buenos Aires, the Tigre Delta offers a unique kayaking experience through a network of islands and waterways surrounded by lush greenery.
2. Nahuel Huapi National Park: In Northern Patagonia, this national park is home to stunning lakes such as Lake Nahuel Huapi and Lake Moreno, providing ideal conditions for kayaking and canoeing amidst awe-inspiring mountain scenery.
3. Lake District: The Lake District in Northern Patagonia, around Bariloche and Villa La Angostura, is renowned for its crystal-clear lakes, perfect for paddling adventures.
4. Beagle Channel: Along the southern tip of Argentina in Ushuaia, paddlers can explore the Beagle Channel, witnessing dramatic landscapes and diverse wildlife from their kayaks.
5. Iberá Wetlands: Located in northeast Argentina, the Iberá Wetlands offer a unique kayaking experience through a vast area of marshlands and lagoons, providing opportunities to spot a variety of bird species and other wildlife.
Overall, Argentina offers a wide range of kayaking and canoeing experiences for both beginners and experienced paddlers, with options available for exploring various natural environments across the country.
17. What are the best spots for mountain biking in Argentina?
Argentina offers some incredible mountain biking experiences for enthusiasts of all levels. Here are 5 of the best spots for mountain biking in Argentina:
1. Bariloche: Known for its stunning landscapes and varied terrain, Bariloche is a top choice for mountain biking in Argentina. With trails that wind through forests, along lakeshores, and up mountainsides, there are options for every skill level.
2. Mendoza: Famous for its vineyards and wine production, Mendoza also offers fantastic mountain biking opportunities. The trails here vary from gentle rides through vineyards to more challenging routes in the Andes mountains.
3. Salta: Located in the northwest of Argentina, Salta is a region of contrasts with vast deserts, high-altitude plateaus, and lush valleys. The diverse landscapes make for some exciting mountain biking adventures, with trails that cater to both beginners and experienced riders.
4. La Rioja: This region is known for its red rock formations and stunning desert landscapes, providing a unique backdrop for mountain biking. The trails around Talampaya National Park offer both scenic beauty and technical challenges for bikers.
5. Patagonia: The wild and rugged wilderness of Patagonia is a favorite destination for adventure seekers, including mountain bikers. From the famous Ruta 40 to the trails around El Chalten and El Calafate, there are endless opportunities to explore this stunning region on two wheels.
These are just a few of the best spots for mountain biking in Argentina, each offering a unique experience for riders looking to explore the country’s diverse landscapes and natural beauty.
18. Can you recommend some luxury outdoor experiences, such as glamping or private guided tours?
1. Glamping in the Serengeti, Tanzania: Experience the ultimate luxury safari adventure by staying in beautifully appointed tents complete with comfortable beds, fine linens, and private ensuite bathrooms. Enjoy gourmet meals under the stars, game drives to witness the incredible wildlife, and guided bush walks with expert naturalists.
2. Private Yacht Charter in the Caribbean: Indulge in the epitome of luxury by chartering a private yacht to explore the crystal-clear waters of the Caribbean. Enjoy personalized service, gourmet dining prepared by your private chef, water sports activities like snorkeling and paddleboarding, and the freedom to explore secluded beaches and hidden coves at your leisure.
3. Helicopter Tour of the Grand Canyon: Take your outdoor experience to new heights with a private helicopter tour over the majestic Grand Canyon. Marvel at the breathtaking views of this natural wonder from above, touch down for a gourmet picnic on a remote plateau, and gain a new perspective on one of the world’s most iconic landscapes.
4. Luxury Glamping in the Swiss Alps: Escape to the idyllic Swiss Alps for a glamping experience like no other. Stay in spacious, beautifully designed tents with plush furnishings, enjoy private hot tubs with panoramic mountain views, dine on gourmet cuisine prepared by top chefs, and embark on exclusive guided hikes to discover the beauty of the Alpine landscape.
5. Private Safari in Botswana’s Okavango Delta: Immerse yourself in the pristine wilderness of Botswana’s Okavango Delta on a private safari experience. Stay in luxurious tented camps with private plunge pools, enjoy gourmet bush dinners under the stars, and embark on exclusive game drives and mokoro excursions led by expert guides to encounter the incredible wildlife of this remote paradise.
19. What are the best locations for stargazing or astrotourism in Argentina?
Argentina offers some incredible locations for stargazing and astrotourism due to its vast, remote areas with clear skies and minimal light pollution. Here are some of the best locations for stargazing in Argentina:
1. El Leoncito National Park: Located in the Andes Mountains, this national park is home to the CASLEO Astronomical Observatory, making it a prime spot for stargazing. The high altitude and clear skies provide excellent conditions for viewing the night sky.
2. San Pedro de Atacama: While technically in Chile, this town is just across the border from Argentina and offers some of the best stargazing in the world. The Atacama Desert is known for its incredibly clear skies and dry climate, providing unparalleled views of the Milky Way and southern hemisphere constellations.
3. Barreal: Another location in the Andes Mountains, the small town of Barreal is a popular destination for stargazing enthusiasts. With its high elevation and low light pollution, Barreal offers excellent opportunities for observing stars, planets, and other celestial phenomena.
4. Patagonia: The remote region of Patagonia in southern Argentina also provides excellent stargazing opportunities. Away from the cities and with minimal light pollution, travelers can enjoy a pristine view of the night sky in this breathtaking natural setting.
Overall, Argentina offers a variety of locations that cater to astrotourism enthusiasts, with options ranging from high-altitude observatories to remote desert landscapes. Whether you’re a seasoned stargazer or a novice astronomer, there are plenty of opportunities to marvel at the beauty of the cosmos in Argentina.
20. Can you provide some tips for eco-friendly outdoor excursions in Argentina?
Certainly! When planning eco-friendly outdoor excursions in Argentina, consider the following tips:
1. Choose eco-friendly accommodations: Opt for lodges, hotels, or eco-friendly guesthouses that prioritize sustainability practices such as using renewable energy sources, water conservation, and waste management.
2. Support local communities: Choose tours and activities that directly benefit local communities and contribute to their economic development. This can include cultural encounters, artisan workshops, or homestays.
3. Respect wildlife: Observe wildlife from a distance, avoid feeding animals, and never disturb their natural habitat. Follow designated trails and guidelines set by park authorities to minimize your impact on the environment.
4. Pack in, pack out: Ensure you leave no trace by properly disposing of waste and recycling materials during your excursions. Carry a reusable water bottle and avoid single-use plastics.
5. Choose sustainable transportation: Opt for public transportation, bicycles, or walk whenever possible to reduce your carbon footprint. If renting a vehicle, consider a fuel-efficient option or carpooling with fellow travelers.
6. Learn about the local environment: Educate yourself about the natural ecosystems and cultural heritage of the areas you visit. Engage in guided tours led by knowledgeable guides who can provide insights into the region’s biodiversity and conservation efforts.
By following these tips, you can enjoy eco-friendly outdoor excursions in Argentina while minimizing your impact on the environment and supporting sustainable tourism practices.